南昌市2021年春季大气VOCs污染特征和来源分析

2021年2～4月,利用AQMS-900VCM大气挥发性有机物在线监测系统对南昌市经济技术开发区大气中114种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)进行了在线观测,分析了春季南昌市大气中VOCs浓度水平、日变化,估算了各种VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP),并基于PMF模型探讨了 VOCs的来源.结果表明,南昌市经济技术开发区20...     

兰州市2011年春节期间颗粒物浓度及其谱分布特征

研究了兰州市2011年1月25日~2月18日春节期间大气颗粒物浓度及其谱分布特征,并通过多元对数正态分布拟合方法对其体积浓度谱特征进行了分析.采用空气动力学粒径谱仪(APS-3321)对颗粒物数浓度及其谱分布进行了实时监测,以阐明兰州市春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对大气颗粒物浓度及其谱分布的影响.结果表明:2011年春节期间兰州市烟花燃放对2月3日~8日颗粒物浓度有不同程度的影响,正月初一00:00~01:00和21:00~22:00时受烟花爆竹燃放影响最大,其中在烟花燃放最为集中时段(2月3日0:00~1:00时)0.5~10μm大气颗粒物平均数浓度、表面积浓度和体积浓度分别为(310.3±97.2)个/cm3、(1061.6±396.0)μm2/cm3和(409.9±176.0)μm3/cm3,分别较未受烟花燃放影响的1月27日~30日0:00~1:00时平均值增加了6.10倍、7.72倍和9.93倍.烟花燃放对数浓度和体积浓度的影响分别主要集中在0.542~1.382μm和3.278~8.354μm粒径段,而对表面积浓度的影响主要集中在0.542~1.981μm和3.278~8.354μm粒径段.受烟花燃放影响的颗粒物体积浓度谱中位径在0.93, 5.50μm左右出现的比例最大,未受烟花燃放影响的颗粒物体积浓度谱中位径在0.85,5.50μm左右出现的比例最大,与未受烟花燃放影响日的颗粒物体积浓度谱相比,燃放烟花使位于积聚模态的体积中位径增加.     

再生水补给型景观水体微生物健康风险评价——以圆明园为例

再生水作为景观水体的非常规补给水源被全球各个国家广泛使用,而其内病原微生物的存在可能会通过不同传输途径对人体健康产生一定的威胁.因此,本文以粪大肠菌群（Fecal Coliform,FC）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,EC）、肠球菌（Enterococcus,ENT）为研究对象,系统调查了圆明园景观水体中这3种指示微生物的污染特征,并运用定量微生物风险评价模型（Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment,QMRA）量化了其对人体健康造成的潜在风险.研究结果显示,沿着园区内水体的流动方向,3种指示菌的浓度与入水时相比均出现了明显的增长,其中ENT和FC浓度最高值分别达到了入水时的14.3倍和17.6倍,增长情况最为明显.采用不同剂量-A反应方程表征的FC、EC、ENT单次暴露的健康风险值皆低于1.7×10^-2,处于风险可接受的范围;在年健康风险方面,职业人群的年健康风险远高于非职业人群;经过人工湿地工程的生态修复区域能够显著削减指示微生物浓度,同时在一定程度上降低病原微生物带来的健康风险,因此扩大生态修复范围可以进一步降低风险.     

加拿大海盆与楚科奇海柱状沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌的分布状况

对取自北极楚科奇海及加拿大海盆的10个沉积物岩芯分别在4℃、25℃培养温度下进行硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)分析,结合首次北极科考海洋沉积物SRB的研究成果,探讨了研究区SRB的分布特点.研究结果表明,4℃与25℃温度培养的SRB含量均为0～2.4 ×106个·g-1(湿样);4℃时SRB的检出率与平均含量分别为45.5%和2.06×104个·g-1(湿样),25℃培养条件下分别为73.7%和4.70×104个·g-1(湿样);柱状沉积物中SRB的检出率、含量范围、平均含量都明显高于表层沉积物中SRB的相关指标;岩芯中SRB含量分布与采样点的纬度、深度有一定关系,但这种关系不如表层沉积物中SRB分布表现的那么明显;4℃培养时,各层位SRB含量的平均值范围为51～1.2×106个·g-1(湿样),25℃时为2.04×102～2.47×105个·g-1(湿样);在所研究的深度范围内,4℃时培养SRB的垂直变化较为明显,而25℃时SRB的垂直变化相对缓和;根据4℃、25℃2个不同培养温度时SRB的检出率、含量对比看,似乎25℃时更有利于某些SRB的繁衍.     

城市污水厂初沉池的设置方式及运行效果

跟据初沉池在城市污水厂长期的实际运行数据,分析了初沉池去除污水中的悬浮物、有机物、降低能耗、降低水质波动对生化系统的冲击等方面所起的作用,设置初沉池还有利于提高生化系统污泥的活性成份（MLVSS／MLSS）、增强出水效果;同时探讨了初沉池在城市污水处理中的设置方式,通过设置超越管线,在冬、夏季水质波动较大,保持生化系统进水有机负荷的稳定,提出了优化初沉池的处理效果的运行方式。     

关于环境监测队伍组成结构的调查分析

对环境监测站人员年龄结构、岗位结构、学历结构、职称结构等的调查分析结果显示,为满足当前工作要求,监测站人员编制亟待增加、优胜劣汰的技术培训应成为制度。     

Environmental Communication as Nexus

This essay examines zoos as a site of struggle in the construction of meanings and memories of human–nature relations. Modern zoos are symbols of imperial power and celebrations of the domination of nature. The grafting of “tropic worlds” onto these monuments of modernity renders the meaning of zoos more ambiguous, reflecting discursive struggles over the meaning of nature, questions about the wisdom of development and progress, recognition of the need for conservation and preservation, and nostalgia for a nature that has been lost. Through a close textual reading of “The Rainforest” at the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, this essay explores the simulation of nature in zoos and “tropic worlds” in North American cities. These hyperreal spaces contain an extraordinary amount of the history and politics of the culture that constructs them for fascination, edification, conservation, commodification, and salvation. At stake in these simulated natures is not only the constructions of nature as spectacle and animals as commodities, but also the use of knowledge to maintain certain forms of domination and the “writing” of industrial culture's historical memory of nature and human–nature relations.     

Rhetorical Landscapes as Epistemic: Revisiting Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac

This essay examines the rhetorical impetus toward environmental human agency in Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac (SCA). In identifying a foundation for this agency, Leopold relies on the epistemological function of rhetoric in an effort to bring to light the epistemic potential in reading the landscape. In this fashion, Leopold offers a way of knowing the environment through natural observations. The author identifies the unfolding epistemological revelations found in the three primary sections of SCA. Leopold describes these epistemological revelations gleaned from reading the landscape as “shifts.” The first shift, in Part I of SCA, offers the audience lessons through Leopold's own example in reading the text of the landscape. The second shift, described in Part II, describes his epistemological revelations acquired through his reading of the landscape. The final section of the book situates these epistemological revelations in one of the most influential concepts found in environmental ethics, the land ethic. Through these three iterations, Leopold not only instructs his readers in the rhetorical possibilities found in reading landscapes but also offers scholars of environmental rhetoric a unique understanding of analyzing landscapes as epistemological rhetoric.     

西部水资源开发利用风险现状评价

我国实施西部大开发战略后,西部水资源开发利用问题变得越来越突出.为了弄清楚西部水资源开发利用存在的风险现状,本文在风险概念的基础上探讨了水资源开发利用风险概念和影响因素,并构建了西部水资源开发利用风险评价指标体系.根据水资源系统表现出多模态、突跳和发散的基本突变特征,论述了运用突变理论评价水资源开发利用风险具有一定的可行性,将突变理论引入到水资源开发利用风险评价中,对西部水资源开发利用风险进行评价.首先对各项风险评价指标按照重要性排序,并对各指标值进行无量纲化;然后利用突变模型的归一公式和突变模型的评价准则进行递归运算,最后求出各层指标相对风险值(突变隶属度),将评价结果与风险等级对照,综合判断和分析各层各项指标相对风险状况.计算结果表明:在西部12个省份中,各层指标的风险值差异显著,但是水资源开发利用综合风险值分布在0 66-0.92之间,总体上属于中高度风险水平,12省份风险从小到大排序为:西藏→陕西→重庆→四川→青海→云南→贵州→广西→内蒙→甘肃→新疆→宁夏,这一结果与西部12省份水资源开发利用实际状况相符,可以为西部大开发过程水资源合理有效利用和管理提供风险决策参考依据.     

The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: seeking linkages for global environmental governance

ABSTRACT

Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South–South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum, seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.